1066 : Battle of Hastings_William The Conqueror becomes King (norman) 1086 : Domesday Book_census of population and map of estates/counties/forests 1097 : William II 1100 : William II dies -> Henry_no heir so his brother becomes King 1135 : Henry dies -> Matilda empress + COUP D'ETAT Stephen of Blois_no heir either so his daughter becomes empress and her son is supposed to be King 1154 : Stephen of Blois dies -> Henry II of Anjou _ Kingdom of Maine and England _ red hair = red head _ nominates Thomas Beckett in Canterbury 1199 : John Lackland King _ attacked by K of France _ (Normandy and Anjou taken) _ Rampage Tour 1215 : MAGNA CARTA __ 63 art in latin by Stephen Langton Political contract will lead the king to cede some powers to the church and the barons -> church is 1216 : Henri IIIrd (9yo) __ refused to consult __ summoned to recognize Magna Carta 1259 : PROVISIONS OF OXFORD __ 15 people council by Simon de Montfort __ met 3times a year with king __ -> rejected -> war of barons 1272 : Edward Ist __ ambitious in colo policy 1295 : WRITS OF SUMMONS TO MODEL PARLIAMENT by Edward Ist __ wants their consent to levy taxes to wage war against France __ novelty : 292 commoners __ 1341 : bicameralism __ first house of commons 1517 : Martin Luther - 95 thesis __ protestant Reformation in Europe 1521 : K Henri VIII Pamphlet denounces M.Luther as heretic 1534 : FIRST ACT OF SUPREMACY supported by Parliament __ King Henri VIII declares himself at head of Church __ treason act + submission of clergy + ecclesias 1536 : Act of Union England-Wales 1547 : Edward VI 9yo __ protestant advisers __ Act of Uniformity Act of Conformity __ book of common prayers, no more masses but services, purge among clergy 1553 : Mary Ist / Bloody Mary __ brings back catholicism __ repeals act of Supremacy __ and burns protestants at the stake (Marian Persecutions) 1559 : Elizabeth I __ legitimated by Parliament, reestablishes act of supremacy __ legitimated by Parliament, act of supremacy __ P defends crown 1563 : convocation of the clergy __ to restore the 39 articles defining English church __ puritans demands refused __ act against puritans __ fled 1603 : James VI -> James I of England __ 2 crowns __ protestant king __ believes in a divine right of Kings 1605 : Gunpowder plot __ to assassinate James __ and his Parliament 1611 : King James Bible 1625 : Charles I __ dissolves Parliament __ tax increase for 30y war __ jail if no payment 1628 : PETITION OF RIGHTS __ modern vision of Magna Carta __ fixes laws and customs __ rejected by Charles in 1629 -> 11y tyranny 1640 : Beginning of Long Parliament __ Parliament decides that it __ can only dissolve itself 1641 : THE GRAND REMONSTRANCE 204 grievances __ ask for a purge among lords and clergy __ dismissal of Laud&Villiers __ Pim, Hampden,Digby __ treason1peer5MP 1642 : 19 PROPOSITIONS __ sent to king in hope of a settlement __ ask to chose councilors __ the children's spouses __ oath on petition of rights __ Synod 1642 : King Charles ANSWER __ crashed the balance __ divine right but shouldn't be abused __ levelling = danger, end of monarchy __ refuses 19prop -> war 1645 : Nasty battle, victory of Cromwell's Model Army __ Charles surrenders to the Scots 1648 : Pride's Purge __ removing MP who didn't support Cromwell and Model Army 1649 : Rump Parliament + Charles beheaded 1647 : Agreement of The People manifesto 1648 : Second Agreement of the People Manifesto 1653 : dismissal of Rump Parliament -> new institutions __ Assembly called Barebone's Parliament __ council, army __ lord protector 1660 : Restoration __ Decaration of Breda by Charles II __ proclaimed King __ act of uniformity book of prayers etc __ reestablished 1679 : Habeas Corpus __ to reaffirm and safeguard individual liberty __ judgment by peers no bail money __ reintroduction of Magna Carta’s clauses __ US kept 1658 : Richard Cromwell becomes Lord Protector __ resigned soon bc lack of authority 1661 : acts limiting Puritan worship __ second category subjects 1687 : Declaration of Indulgence __ by James II __ freedom of religion in British isles 1688 : Glorious Revolution __ James II fled __ -> his daughter Mary II and her husband William 1689 : BILL OF RIGHTS __ list of 13 infractions committed by James 2 + 13 clauses lim power : balance of powers
De 1066 à 1660 : FEUDALISM De 1534 à 1553 : FIRST PERIOD OF REFORMATION -> protestantism De 1553 à 1559 : return to catholicism De 1629 à 1640 : 11years tyranny, absolutism De 1649 à 1660 : COMMONWEALTH (respublica)